Matthew Lynch: Educating and Nurturing Homeless Students

Homelessness is another step down on the ladder of poverty and it is a very real problem faced by 1.5 million children in the United States. Many homeless families live in shelters in rural or urban areas. With one income, high rent and living expenses, many families are just one emergency away from disaster. As a result, even children who still have a home to go to could lose it in a heartbeat.

For instance, a single mother trying to make ends meet cannot go to work because her child gets sick. She must be with her child, as she has no one to help. On top of this, she has medical bills piling up. Even if she has a job to return to, she may not be able to afford her rent.

Homeless children still need to have an education. Yet, when they get to school each morning, they are often hungry and tired. Like many children living in poverty, homeless children move frequently, and are exposed to drugs, violence, crime and more. Also, transportation might be an issue for some homeless children and they miss a great deal of school.

When they are able to attend school, they may be teased for the clothes they wear and the fact they fall asleep in class. They may have difficulty making friends or a fear of participating in an activity in front of the class. Although many homeless children are with their families, older homeless children may be runaways or may have been kicked out of their homes. Many have been abused sexually and/or physically.

To help homeless families living in homeless shelters or doubling up with another family in an apartment (also considered to be homeless), Congress passed the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act in 1987. This act was put into place to ensure homeless families will receive food, shelter, adult education, job training and more. Barriers once keeping children out of school, such as not having a birth certificate, proof of immunization or residency, have been removed by this act. Unfortunately, budget cuts in recent years have caused this program to backslide.

Teachers who have homeless children in their classroom need to know how to help and support children without a permanent home. Homeless children may be needy emotionally and due to lack of access to bathtubs or showers and little food, they may be unclean and unfed. Teachers can be an anchor for homeless children by showing them compassion and understanding.

It may also be a challenge to communicate with parents who don’t have regular access to a phone. Of course, the most important thing for homeless children is that their families find a home. Teachers might be able to help by working with local agencies, children, and their families to find a solution to their problem. Homeless children deserve a quality education just like all students. Teachers are the first line of defense but we all have to pitch in and do what we can to ensure that all of our country’s children have the chance to lead happy healthy lives.

This article was originally posted at http://ping.fm/w5imB

The Global Search for Education: Teacher Be Good

Cameron Diaz and Justin Timberlake in 'Bad Teacher'

Bad Teacher is a new comedy starring Cameron Diaz as a totally inappropriate teacher, Elizabeth Halsey.  As the movie begins, Elizabeth is not excited about the first day of school.  Nor is she interested in putting her students first. Truthfully, Elizabeth’s primary focus is finding a guy who’s going to take care of her.  To find out whether Elizabeth achieves her academic goal in the film, you can study further at Are you a bad teacher.com.  But right now, I want to focus on the good, that is, good teachers like one or two I was fortunate enough to have.

What makes a teacher good enough to create an effective learning environment?  More education?  More professional experience outside the classroom?  More ability to connect with kids?  I was honored to have the opportunity to speak about the importance of the teacher and other matters with one of the world’s most respected experts in the area of teacher training and teacher-student relationships, Professor Theo Wubbels.  Professor Wubbels is President of the Netherlands Educational Research Association, Dean of the Undergraduate School and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at Utrecht University.

What difference can a good teacher-student relationship make to student achievement??

We have developed a model to describe that relationship and we did a large amount of research in which we discovered that the more teachers are in control, the more students are able to learn.  The more teachers are affiliated with students, the more students are motivated.  So a good mix of control and affiliation is very important for students to learn and to enjoy education.

What kind of educational system do you believe will permit a country to have the people skills needed to compete globally today?

That is of course a very big question because a system can have so many different characteristics.  One of the important things is to look at the most competitive countries in terms of education.  Look at Finland for example.  I think one of the most important characteristics is the level of training of the teachers.  In Finland, all teachers have been taught at universities.  Teachers are selected to enter the teacher education process.  Now that is completely different from the system in my country, where most teachers are trained at higher vocational institutions.  The Netherlands does well in international rankings, but   Finland is ranked much higher. We believe that the most important characteristic of an effective system is the level of training of the teachers.

The second important factor is how comprehensive are the schools.  In The Netherlands, we separate students in secondary education into several streams (unlike countries where students remain together throughout the secondary education process).  It seems that separating students helps in getting better student achievements for more able students, but is detrimental for less able students.

How does a bad teacher become a good teacher?

Do teachers in the Netherlands believe they are valued?

Teacher compensation in the Netherlands is not high.  It’s probably in the middle of what is considered very good compensation.  Our research indicates teachers are not satisfied about this, but our research also indicates that our compensation is much better than in many other countries. For teachers, being rewarded professionally is more important than a high salary.

What are your views on testing in The Netherlands?

We are moving more in the direction of national testing. There is more emphasis on how students achieve in math, writing and reading, but there is also a lot of criticism.  We start testing students at the age of 4 and we have a long tradition of national exams at the end of secondary education; but that is much broader than student achievement in the basic skills.  We have national examinations for not just math and reading, but also in history, geography and all the topics that are taught in our system.  It is fairly standardized.  What we also do is we test for things like democratic citizenship.  Now that is not a national test, but we have a national questionnaire on which we assess how much students have learned about citizenship. We think that is very important, but it is not part of the main examination.   There is a lot of criticism about standardized testing because it doesn’t cover everything that is important in an education system.  When you have more emphasis on testing, teachers will teach for the test and neglect other things that are also important.  For example, social skills – I think everyone in The Netherlands thinks this is important, but because of the emphasis on testing, teachers might not do enough of that.

Is there enough emphasis on technology in school curriculums currently?

I think in The Netherlands, the use of technology in schools is under developed.  Primary schools have an interactive white board but that’s used mainly for presentation and not for improving the interaction between teacher and students.  The use of computers and technology is not a central part of the curriculum.  What students do not learn is how to be critical when it comes to using things found on the internet.  For example, understanding what is really valuable on the internet is not being taught well enough.  I see similarities between our problems and what is happening in the US.  Technology is being used in a superficial way versus helping to make interaction better and make students more critical.

How large is the problem of the internet generation gap between teachers and students?

There is a huge gap between teachers and students in terms of how knowledgeable they are about facebook and social media.  In my country, social media is hardly used in education.  The teachers and students live in a different world.  Exposure of students to computers, television and social media makes it difficult for teachers to keep students focused.  A teacher explaining something in a classroom can seem so boring compared to what students are doing in their day to day lives.  The solution has to be that teachers move in the direction of more computer use.  Teacher education institutes will have to work hard on this. Technology development is important and certainly offers us promise for the future.

Is increasing academic competition negatively impacting the emotional well-being of students?

I do not believe that pressure and stress is yet considered a big problem in the Netherlands.  What is considered a problem is the number of activities that students undertake.   I don’t think we have intellectual pressure issues in The Netherlands.   About 45% of our students go on to higher education.   Our system is different from yours.  In my country, we decide early as to whether you can go to higher education or not.  By the age of 13, we have already separated students in different streams, and only two of the four streams get access to higher education; so decisions are made much earlier.  Only students in the higher streams are allowed to go on in the system.

The standardized testing focuses on the core subjects.  What about the other areas and skills that these tests do not assess?

I think that is a problem.  Studies like PISA put us on a road to assessing the basic skills.  There are many other things that are very important.  For example, social skills and citizenship, which I mentioned before, are very important, and these studies do not take that into consideration.   We reduce education to reading, writing, and arithmetic, and this is bad development.

Any last points or world wisdom you would like to add on educational excellence?

I think the most important thing is the quality of the teachers, and the relationship between the teacher and the student is critical to create the right conditions for a good education.  An education system cannot pay enough attention to that.  Teachers should be trained very well and they should be respected as professionals.  They must be assessed based on whether they work according to professional standards, and if they do that, it is much more important than meticulously measured achievements.  Education can only live when you have investment in teachers and their work.

Professor Theo Wubbels and C. M. Rubin